Phylogenetic relationships of <i>Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon</i> on <i>Fagus</i> in North AmericaMention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship of two species of Neonectria associated with beech bark canker in North America was evaluated by comparing isolates of these and additional species of the Neonectria coccinea (Pers.:Fr.) Rossman & Samuels group found on Fagus. Gene regions in the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and β-tubulin were sequenced and analyzed. Results indicate that the fungus associated with beech bark disease previously known as Neonectria coccinea var. faginata Lohman et al. (≡ Nectria coccinea (Pers.:Fr.) Fr. var. faginata Lohman et al.) should be recognized as a separate species, Neonectria faginata , distinct from Neonectria coccinea . Neonectria faginata including its anamorphic state, Cylindrocarpon faginatum C. Booth, is known only on Fagus in North America. A second species associated with beech bark disease in North America is Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman, which can be distinguished morphologically from Neonectria faginata based on ascospore size, conidial size and shape, and colony pigmentation. Morphological and molecular data indicate that Neonectria ditissima represents an older name for Neonectria galligena Bres. Similarly, the anamorphic state of Neonectria ditissima is the older epithet Cylindrocarpon heteronema with Cylindrocarpon willkommii as a synonym. Neonectria ditissima occurs on a variety of hardwood trees in North America and Europe. Neonectria coccinea occurs only on Fagus in Europe. Neonectria major (Wollenw.) Castl. & Rossman is recognized as a species that occurs only on Alnus in Canada (British Columbia), France, Norway, and the United States (Washington). The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Neonectria faginata comb. and stat. nov., Neonectria fuckeliana comb. nov., Neonectria hederae comb. nov., Neonectria major comb. and stat. nov., and Neonectria punicea comb. nov.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".