A lithium ion battery exploiting a composite Fe2O3 anode and a high voltage Li1.35Ni0.48Fe0.1Mn1.72O4 cathode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we report a new lithium ion battery (LIB) consisting of a conversion-type, high capacity Fe2O3–Meso Carbon Micro Beads (MCMB) composite anode and a high voltage, Li1.35Ni0.48Fe0.1Mn1.72O4 cathode, prepared by using facile, low cost synthetic pathways. These electrodes have been characterized by a series of techniques including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, potentiodynamic cycling with galvanostatic acceleration (PCGA) and galvanostatic cycling tests in lithium cells at different C-rates. The results show that the Fe2O3–MCMB anode benefits by a composite, sub micrometric morphology and by a stable specific capacity ranging from 800 to 600 mA h g−1, evolving around 0.9 V, while the Li1.35Ni0.48Fe0.1Mn1.72O4 cathode is formed by an agglomeration of micrometric crystals delivering a reversible capacity of about 115 mA h g−1 at a 4.7 V high voltage. The combination of the Fe2O3–MCMB anode with the Li1.35Ni0.48Fe0.1Mn1.72O4 cathode leads to a complete lithium ion battery having an operating voltage of about 3 V, a high coulombic efficiency and a stable capacity of about 100 mA h g−1, which translates into in a theoretical energy density of about 300 Wh kg−1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".