Aerosolized and Intravenous Ribavirin in Viral Respiratory Infections in Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To describe the use of ribavirin in immunocompromised patients in a pediatric tertiary care center. All immunocompromised patients who received aerosolized or intravenous ribavirin for the treatment of a respiratory viral infection from February 2001 through September 2007 were retrospectively included. Twenty-three patients were included, 11 boys and 12 girls. The median age was 3.3 years (5.5 months to 17 years). Eighteen patients (78%) were recipients of haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Two were treated for ALL, one had received a liver transplant, one was HIV positive and one had a Fanconi syndrome. Eleven patients (48%) received aerosolized ribavirin, 6 (26%) received it intravenously and 6 (26%) received it by both routes but not concomitantly. Mean ribavirin treatment was 30 days (4-105 days). Aerosolized ribavirin dose was 2 g over 2 hours every 8 hours in 14/17 patients. For intravenous ribavirin, a median loading dose of 30 mg/kg (range 13-38) was used followed by maintenance doses ranging from 4 to 23 mg/kg every 6 hours. Patients were treated with ribavirin for the following infections: 11 respiratory syncytial virus, 14 parainfluenza virus (PIV) (9 PIV-3, 3 PIV-1, 2 PIV-2), 5 adenovirus and one influenza A. Nine cases of viral co-infections were observed. The mortality rate was 48% (11/23); 4 deaths (17%) were related to the viral infection, 6 were due to pre-existent disease and the cause of death remains uncertain in one case. The 4 patients that died of viral infections were all HSCT patients. Fourteen patients (61%) received mechanical ventilation with a mean duration of 19 days (2-55 days). This is one of the largest series describing the use of intravenous ribavirin in immunocompromised pediatric patients with respiratory virus infections. We found a 17% mortality rate linked with the viral infection, which is comparable than what has been published previously.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".