Dietary Phytosterols and Phytostanols Alter the Expression of Sterol-Regulatory Genes in SHRSP and WKY <i>inbred</i> Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<i>Background/Aims:</i> We elucidated the molecular mechanism(s) underlying sterol trafficking by investigating alterations in gene expression in response to increased retention of dietary phytosterols and phytostanols in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) <i>inbred</i> rats. <i>Methods:</i> SHRSP and WKY <i>inbred</i> rats were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with phytosterols or phytostanols (2 g/kg diet). <i>Results:</i> Intake of phytosterols and phytostanols increased their incorporation in plasma, red blood cells, liver, aorta and kidney, but decreased cholesterol levels in liver and aorta in both rat strains. Phytosterol intake up-regulated mRNA expression of intestinal <i>Npc1l1 </i>and <i>Abcg8</i>, and hepatic <i>Abcg5</i>, <i>Abca1, Cyp27a1</i> and <i>Hmgcr</i>. Phytostanol intake up-regulated <i>Npc1l1 </i>and <i>Srebp2</i>, but down-regulated <i>Abcg5</i> mRNA expression in small intestine. Phytostanols also up-regulated <i>Abca1</i> expression in SHRSP rats, but down-regulated <i>Abca1</i> expression in WKY <i>inbred </i>rats. Compared to phytosterols, dietary phytostanols reduced phytosterol levels in plasma, red blood cells, and kidney, as well as altered mRNA levels of hepatic <i>Abca1,</i><i>Cyp27a1</i>, and <i>Hmgcr</i> and intestinal <i>Abcg5/8, Hmgcr </i>and<i> Srebp2</i>. <i>Conclusions:</i> Altered expression of multiple sterol-regulatory genes may contribute to the incorporation and cholesterol-lowering actions of phytosterols and phytostanols. Phytosterols and phytostanols may act through different mechanism(s) on cholesterol and phytosterol/phytostanol trafficking.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".