Reliable Individual Change Scores on the 3MS in Older Persons With Dementia: Results From the Canadian Study of Health and Aging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the degree of interrater agreement on the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), administered both in the home and at the clinical examination, to determine the boundaries of reliable individual changes for 257 community-dwelling older persons who received a diagnosis of dementia at CSHA-1. Individual score differences were approximately normally distributed (mean of differences 0.2; SD 8.0; 95% confidence interval -16 to 16). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.85. Except for the language of testing, there was no relationship between score differences and the determinants investigated (i.e., age, education, type and severity of dementia). This study provides evidence that, in a time frame compatible with no change in cognition, the discrepancy between repeat 3MS scores can be as large as +/- 16. These limits represent the range of variability consistent with no change and should be considered when interpreting individual change scores.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".