Temperature-Programmable Resistively Heated Micromachined Gas Chromatography and Differential Mobility Spectrometry Detection for the Determination of Non-Sulfur Odorants in Natural Gas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A portable, fast gas chromatographic method for the direct measurement of the parts per billion level of sulfur-free odorants in commercially available natural gas is introduced. The approach incorporates a resistively heated, temperature-programmable silicon micromachined gas chromatograph that employs a standard capillary column for the fast separation of methyl and ethyl acrylate from the natural gas matrix. The separation approach is coupled to a micromachined differential mobility detector to enhance analyte detectability, and the overall selectivity obtained against the matrix is described. A complete analysis can be conducted in less than 70 s. Furthermore, these two compounds can be measured accurately in the presence of other common volatile sulfur-based odorants such as alkyl mercaptans and alkyl sulfides. Repeatability of less than 3% RSD (n = 20) over a range from 0.5 to 5 ppm was obtained with a limit of detection for the target compounds at 50 ppb (v/v) and a linear range from 0.5 to 50 ppm with a correlation coefficient of at least 0.997.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".