Hexagonal Tungsten Oxide Based Electrochromic Devices: Spectroscopic Evidence for the Li Ion Occupancy of Four-Coordinated Square Windows
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Macroporous hexagonal WO 3 (h-WO 3 ) films were obtained at 400 °C from a sol containing tungstic acid with organically modified silane as a template. Asymmetric electrochromic devices based on the macroporous h-WO 3 layer were constructed. XRD and micro-Raman studies of the intercalation/deintercalation of lithium into the h-WO 3 layer of the device as a function of the applied voltages were performed. In h-WO 3, Li + can be intercalated into three potential sites: trigonal cavity (TC), hexagonal window (HW), and four-coordinated square window (SW). XRD measurements show systematic changes in the lattice parameter, which was associated with the amount of Li intercalated into the h-WO 3 layer. Correspondingly, Raman spectroscopy shows that at 1.0 V Li + completely fill TC and partially fill HW sites. For potentials ≥1.5 V, Li + are inserted into the SW, as evidenced from the vanishing of the ν(O−W−O) Raman modes. The reversible characteristics of the device from optical measurements and Raman spectra demonstrated that the coloration process in the electrochromic device is mainly due to the Li + that occupy HW and SW sites of the h-WO 3 . Optical measurements performed as a function of applied potentials, show excellent contrasts between colored and bleached states and qualifies the macroporous h-WO 3 -based device for smart window applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it