Periodontal health status of the Sandy Bay First Nation in Manitoba, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the distribution and determinants of periodontal health in adult members of the Sandy Bay First Nation in Manitoba, Canada. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study based on face-to-face interviews and oral examinations. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews and oral examinations were performed on a convenience sample of 107 individuals to assess Debris Index, Calculus Index, Gingival Index and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to find variables significantly associated with 2 outcome variables: dichotomous mean CAL (< or = 2.5mm and > 2.5mm) and dichotomous severe periodontitis. Variables found to be significantly associated with either of the outcome variables were entered into logistic regression analysis to look for significant independent effects (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean age for the sample was 36.1 (SD 11.6). The mean CAL for the group was 1.44 mm (SD 1.14), with age-specific CAL (SD) values of 1.08 (0.69), 1.18 (0.97), 2.05 (1.57) and 2.10 (0.95) for subjects aged 18-27, 28-37, 38-47 and 48 years or above, respectively. Of the individuals studied, 42.6% suffered from moderate periodontitis, whereas 22.4% suffered from either localized or generalized severe periodontitis. Of the variables tested, tooth brushing frequency (p < 0.05), flossing (p = 0.001), Calculus Index (p = 0.001), Gingival Index (p < 0.05), age (p < 0.05), diabetes (p < 0.05) and DMFS (p < 0.05) were found to be significantly associated with mean CAL, whereas, sex (p < 0.05), tooth brushing frequency (p < 0.05), Calculus Index (p < 0.005), age (p < 0.005) and DMFS (p < 0.05) were found to be significantly associated with severe periodontitis. Age, tooth brushing frequency and flossing were found to have significant independent effects on mean CAL and severe periodontitis using logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the high prevalence of periodontitis in this population, expanded availability of community-based dental services is urgently needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".