Immune expression in a damselfly is related to time of season, not to fluctuating asymmetry or host size
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary 1. Variation in immune responsiveness within and among species is the subject of the emerging field of ecological immunology. The work reported here showed that individuals of Lestes forcipatus Rambur differ in their likelihood of mounting immune responses, and in the magnitude of those responses, against a generalist ectoparasite, the water mite Arrenurus planus Marshall. 2. Immune responses took the form of melanotic encapsulation of mite feeding tubes, occurred in the few days after host emergence, and resulted in mites dying without engorging. Such immune responses were more probable and stronger for hosts sampled later rather than earlier in the season. Such responses may act as selection affecting seasonal patterns of egg hatching and larval abundance of mites. 3. Contrary to expectation, metrics of host size (wing length) and wing cell fluctuating asymmetry were not related to the likelihood of immune responses. 4. The importance of season on immune expression of insects has not been explored in detail. These results suggest possible trade‐offs in allocation of melanin (or its precursors) to maturation versus immunity, and indicate the need for studies on the synergistic effects of weather and parasitism on host species that use melanotic encapsulation to combat parasites and pathogens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".