Influence of low-glucose peritoneal dialysis on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in the IMPENDIA/EDEN trials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Glucose, the conventional osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions, may contribute to atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia and increased cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a low-glucose PD regimen may improve the serum lipid and lipoprotein profile in patients with diabetes. METHODS: A prospective, open-label, parallel group, multinational, randomized, controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up, comprising 251 patients with diabetes receiving PD. Patients were randomized to a low-glucose PD regimen (dextrose-based PD solution plus icodextrin, a starch polymer, and amino acids) or a conventional PD regimen (dextrose PD solutions). Serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles were determined at baseline and 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Serum triglycerides, very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) decreased significantly in the intervention group at both 3 and 6 months compared with baseline (serum triglycerides: median change at 3 months -0.5 mmol/L, P < .001, at 6 months -0.3 mmol/L, P < .001; very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol: -0.3 mg/dL, P < .001; -0.3 mg/dL, P < .001; and apoB: -8.5 mg/dL, P < .001; -3.6 mg/dL, P = .043, respectively) and also compared with the control group. In contrast, apoB levels increased significantly in the control group at 3 and 6 months compared with baseline (5.3 mg/dL, P = .041; 5.2 mg/dL, P = .007, respectively). Percentage of patients on lipid-lowering medications at baseline and intensity of therapy was equivalent in each group. The apoB decrease was not affected by lipid-lowering medications in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: A low glucose-PD regimen significantly improved the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype compared with PD patients treated with a conventional glucose regimen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".