Spatial Simulation of Contrail Formation in Near-Field of Commercial Aircraft
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During this study, three-dimensional numerical simulations of contrails generated by commercial aircraft in cruise conditions were performed. The objective was to study the early development of contrails in the near field of an aircraft, including engine core and bypass flows. Computational fluid dynamics simulations, based on the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach, were carried out on a realistic aircraft geometry. A microphysical model was implemented in the computational fluid dynamics code to simulate particle growth using an Eulerian approach. Results showed that the mixing processes in the bulk plume were in good agreement with the literature. Then, the early growth of a contrail in the near wake of the aircraft was investigated for two ambient relative-humidity conditions. This parameter played a significant role in contrail local properties. Increased relative humidity led to an increase in the fraction of particles under the supersaturated condition and condensation rate. This resulted in a higher mean particle radius and, as a consequence, in a higher optical depth, making contrails more distinct. Particle-size distribution shifted toward larger particles due to an increase in available vapor and got narrower as the relative humidity increased because more particles were in favorable conditions for ice growing.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it