Selected Beetle Assemblages Captured in Pitfall Traps Baited With Deer Dung or Meat in Balsam Fir and Sugar Maple Forests of Central Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vertebrate dung and carrion are rich and strongly attractive resources for numerous beetles that are often closely linked to them.The presence and abundance of beetles exploiting such resources are inßuenced by various ecological factors including climate and forest cover vegetation.We studied selected assemblages of coprophilous and necrophagous beetles in Quebec along a 115-km north-south transect in three balsam Þr (Abies balsamea (L.) Miller) forest sites and in a fourth forest site dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall), close to the southern Þr site.Beetle abundance was estimated using a sampling design comprising replicated pitfall traps baited with red deer meat or dung in each site.A total of 8,511 beetles were caught and identiÞed to family level, 95.7% of which belonged to families with known coprophilous or necrophagous behavior.Meat-baited pitfall traps caught nearly 15 times as many beetles as dung-baited traps.All Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, and Silphidae were identiÞed to species to examine speciÞc diversity variation among sites.For the beetles caught in the meat-baited traps (majority of captures), decreases in abundance and species richness were observed from south to north along the Þr forest transect, with evidence of decreasing speciÞc diversity as measured by the Shannon index of diversity.Strong differences in species assemblages were also observed between the southern maple and Þr forest sites.The Silphidae and Histeridae were more abundant in the maple forest, whereas the Hydrophilidae and Ptilidae were more abundant in the Þr forest.RE ´SUME ´Les fe `ces et les carcasses constituent des ressources tre `s attractives pour plusieurs espe `ces de cole ´opte `res.La pre ´sence de ces cole ´opte `res coprophiles et ne ´crophages est reconnue pour e ˆtre inßuence ´e par plusieurs facteurs, dont le climat et le couvert ve ´ge ´tal.Nous avons e ´tudie ´les assemblages de cole ´opte `res coprophiles et ne ´crophages du centre du Que ´bec sur un transect nord-sud de 115 km dans trois sapinie `res (Abies balsamea (L.) Miller) et une e ´rablie `re (Acer saccharum Marshall) situe ´e a `proximite ´de la sapinie `re la plus au sud.LÕabondance des cole ´opte `res a e ´te ´estime ´e en utilisant un plan dÕe ´chantillonnage re ´plique ´en blocs comprenant des pie `ges fosses appa ˆte ´s aux fe `ces et dÕautres a `la viande de cerf.Au total, 8,511 cole ´opte `res ont e ´te ´capture ´s, dont 95.7% appartenaient a `des familles ayant des mÏurs coprophiles ou ne ´crophages.Les pie `ges appa ˆte ´s a `la viande ont capture ´pre `s de 15 fois plus de cole ´opte `res que ceux appa ˆte ´s aux fe `ces.Les Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae et Silphidae ont e ´te ´identiÞe ´s a `lÕespe `ce pour e ´tudier la variation de la composition spe ´ciÞque entre les sites.Une diminution dans lÕabondance et la richesse en espe `ces a e ´te ´observe ´e du sud vers le nord pour les pie `ges appa ˆte ´s a `la viande dans les sapinie `res, avec une diminution de la diversite ´spe ´ciÞque tel que mesure ´par lÕindice de Shannon.LÕassemblage des espe `ces e ´tait diffe ´rent entre lÕe ´rablie `re et la sapinie `re du sud.Les Silphidae et les Histeridae e ´taient plus abondants dans lÕe ´rablie `re; les Hydrophilidae et les Ptilidae lÕe ´taient plus dans la sapinie `re.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".