<i>Homo Ludens</i> Revisited: A Theological Inquiry into Being Human from the Perspective of Javanese Children's Play
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This article revisits the meaning of being human as Homo ludens (the playing human), which was introduced by Johan Huizinga. Drawing on the wisdom of Javanese culture and Christian theology, especially that of Paul Tillich, and Hugo and Karl Rahner, I contribute to the Christian notion that to be human is to play. For Javanese people in Indonesia, play is not something that only children do; rather, it can be seen as the foundation of culture. According to Tillich, human beings experience a tremendous haecceitas (this-ness) when playing. From Karl Rahner's viewpoint, in play a human expresses the fullness of Vorgriff (pre-apprehension) or radical freedom. His brother, Hugo, is of the opinion that human play prepares for the final return of the whole cosmos to God. People who cannot play become estranged from their humanity, their culture, and their quest for the Absolute. Indeed, modern-day Homo ludens has become Homo economicus, having been drawn into what Tillich calls the “threat of nonbeing” by globalization. Revisiting the meaning of play in theological anthropology opens up the possibility of becoming a better people of God in the world.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.035 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".