Transmission of Acute Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Illness From Children to Parents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory illness (ARI) and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) are the most common infections in children; the risk of such illness increases with daycare attendance. We estimated the risk of transmission of ARI and AGE from daycare attendees to their parents and describe measures used by families to prevent that transmission. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of parents and children 12-60 months of age attending childcare centers attended by ≥60 children in the greater Québec City area, Canada. Participants were contacted at home by phone to answer a standardized questionnaire on infections that occurred in children and parents during the winter period. RESULTS: Overall, 374 households and 608 participants were included. AGE and ARI occurred at an incidence of 8.7 and 19 episodes per 100 child-months, respectively. Transmission to parents occurred about once in every 3 episodes for both types of infections. AGE in parents caused more frequent work absenteeism than ARI (62% vs. 34%, P < 0.005) with slightly longer duration (23% vs. 15% missing ≥2 days). Hand hygiene with soap was the primary household preventive measure. The 2009 pandemic may have positively influenced home hand hygiene practices overall but alcohol-based disinfection was infrequently applied. CONCLUSIONS: Parental risk and impact of AGE and ARI acquisition from their children are substantial. ARI occur more frequently overall among children, but parental work loss appears greater with AGE transmission. Our findings suggest that preventive practices to reduce the risk of secondary ARI and AGE transmission to parents warrants greater emphasis, evaluation and education.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".