Timescale dependency of spatial patterns in the variability of the Northern Hemisphere winter SLP field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Arctic Oscillation (AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Cold Ocean‐Warm Land Pattern (COWL) have been identified as important modes of variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter sea‐level pressure field. However, which one is most fundamental in describing this variability and the relationship between them are still important open questions. A key uncertainty is our lack of knowledge of the linkages between the Arctic, North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans that are manifest in these modes. In this study, the authors investigate these linkages through a frequency dependent decomposition of the variability in the Northern Hemisphere sea‐level pressure field. In particular, the authors show that the spatial expression of the variability in this field has a frequency dependence that results in a NAO‐like pattern on inter‐annual timescales, an AO‐like pattern on inter‐decadal timescales and a COWL‐like pattern on multi‐decadal timescales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".