Kernel Set in Maize Hybrids and Their Inbred Lines Exposed to Stress
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heterosis for grain yield in maize ( Zea mays L.) has been associated with heterosis for kernel number. The objective of this study was to elucidate physiological traits underlying the superior kernel no. establishment in hybrids in comparison with that in their inbred lines, using the relationship between kernel no. plant −1 (KN P ) and plant growth rate during the critical period of approximately 30 d bracketing silking (PGR S ). Experiments were performed at the Arkell Research Station near Guelph, ON, Canada, during 2003 and 2004. Maize was grown at three levels of water availability (100, 75, or 60% of daily transpiration) during a period bracketing silking and at two plant densities (6 and 10 plants m −2 ) without nutrient limitations to generate a range of levels of resource availability plant −1 Kernel no. plant −1 was greater in the hybrids than in their parental inbred lines at all levels of resource availability, which was attributable mainly to a greater kernel set per unit PGR S in the hybrids. Greater kernels set per unit PGR S in hybrids vs. their inbred lines resulted from one or more of the following features: (i) low threshold of PGR S for kernel set, (ii) high kernel set response to PGR S increments at low resource availability plant −1 , and (iii) high potential kernel number. Heterosis for kernel set was associated with heterosis for ear growth rate during the critical period for kernel set bracketing silking (EGR s ) to varying degrees, and the extent of the association varied with inbred line–hybrid combination and level of resource availability plant −1
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it