<i>In situ</i> and experimental observations of the relationships between euphausiid orientation, vessel lights, and acoustical scattering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During a collaborative investigation of zooplankton aggregations near a coastal fjord (Knight Inlet, British Columbia), surveys were conducted using down-looking echosounders and a digital imaging system (ZOOVIS). Two surveys conducted at night revealed that the presence or absence of external illumination on the vessel had a pronounced influence on measured acoustical scattering. The extremely short latency between shifts in illumination and changes in acoustical scattering suggested that differences in the orientations of scatterers were responsible for this phenomenon. High-resolution, in situ images of euphausiids (Euphausia pacifica) from ZOOVIS indicated that these organisms were present in a range of orientations ranging from horizontal to vertical, relative to the incident acoustical beam. Theoretical scattering models based on digitizations of in situ ZOOVIS images suggest that the magnitude of the observed changes in scattering, in response to altered illumination, may be accounted for by changes in euphausiid orientation. [Research supported by the ONR, Code 322BC.]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".