The Cellular Retinol-Binding Protein Genes Are Duplicated and Differentially Transcribed in the Developing and Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are single copies of the genes encoding the cellular retinol-binding protein type I and II (CRBPI and CRBPII) in the human and rodent genomes. We have identified duplicate genes for both CRBPI and CRBPII in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome (rbp1b and rbp2b). The zebrafish rbp1b and rbp2b have conserved gene structures, amino acid sequence similarities, gene phylogenies, and syntenic relationships with their mammalian orthologs and zebrafish paralogs, rbp1a and rbp2a. Like the mammalian genes for CRBPI and CRBPII, the zebrafish rbp1b and rbp2b genes are closely linked on a single linkage group. Comparative analysis suggests that the duplicate genes of rbp1 and rbp2 in the zebrafish genome may have arisen by chromosomal or whole-genome duplication. During embryonic development, rbp1b transcripts were detected in the gall bladder of 5-day postfertilization (5 dpf) larvae. The rbp2b mRNA was abundant in the developing liver through 48 hours postfertilization (48 hpf) to 5 dpf. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), rbp1b transcripts were detected in the ovary, and rbp2b mRNA was observed predominantly in the adult liver. Tissue section in situ hybridization and emulsion autoradiography localized rbp1b mRNA to primary oocytes within the zebrafish ovary. The differential mRNA distribution patterns of the rbp1a, rbp1b, rbp2a, and rbp2b genes in the developing and adult zebrafish suggest that shuffling of subfunctions among duplicate copies of paralogous genes may be a mechanism for the retention of duplicated genes in vertebrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".