Toward Blade-Tip Vortex Simulation with an Actuator-Lifting Surface Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a new method based on the imposition of velocity discontinuities to model °ow perturbation due to existence of vortical structures. The proposed method uses actuator disk and lift- ing line concepts in order to provide a framework of analysis that respects conservation laws for mo- mentum, energy and vorticity, which is not the case of classical actuator disk methods used in the wind industry. The °oweld is described by the Euler equations. In the proposed mathematical model, the attitude toward °ow determination is entirely linked to the vorticity structure of the °ow, which is modeled by velocity discontinuities. Results are produced for three basic problems of interest : 2D uniform vorticity distribution, actuator disk with uniform loading andnite wing with prescribed dis- tribution of circulation. These cornerstone prob- lems have shown that numerical method gives fairly precise values regarding °ow streamlines, lift and induced velocities predictions for all problems in- vestigated. Induced drag prediction for thenite wing problem could not be measured since proper grid-independent solution to this problem could not be attained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".