Review: selective COX 2 inhibitors increase vascular events more than placebo and naproxen but not more than other NSAIDs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kearney PM, Baigent C, Godwin J, et al . Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 2006;332:1302–8. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Q Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors increase risk of serious vascular events more than placebo or traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)? Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★☆☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★★★ Haematology ★★★★★☆☆ Rheumatology ★★★★★★★ ### ![Graphic][3]</img>Data sources: Medline and EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (1966 to April 2005), US Food and Drug Administration website, and drug manufacturers. ### ![Graphic][4]</img>Study selection and assessment: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) ⩾4 weeks in duration that compared a selective COX 2 inhibitor with placebo or a traditional NSAID. 138 RCTs (n = 145 373) met the selection criteria. Investigators and manufacturers provided details on the number of vascular events and person time at risk. ### ![Graphic][5]</img>Outcomes: myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and vascular death, and a composite end point of all vascular events. Selective COX 2 inhibitors increased risk … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DKearney%26rft.auinit1%253DP.%2BM%26rft.volume%253D332%26rft.issue%253D7553%26rft.spage%253D1302%26rft.epage%253D1308%26rft.atitle%253DDo%2Bselective%2Bcyclo-oxygenase-2%2Binhibitors%2Band%2Btraditional%2Bnon-steroidal%2Banti-inflammatory%2Bdrugs%2Bincrease%2Bthe%2Brisk%2Bof%2Batherothrombosis%253F%2BMeta-analysis%2Bof%2Brandomised%2Btrials.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.332.7553.1302%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16740558%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=332/7553/1302&atom=%2Febmed%2F11%2F6%2F171.atom [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Commentary About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Systematic review | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Commentary About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Systematic review | low |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".