Multiculturalism as Part of the Lived Experience of the “Second Generation”?: Forging Identities by Lebanese-Origin Youth in Halifax
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper focuses on the process of identity negotiation and formation by Canadian-born youth of Lebanese descent in Halifax, a middle tier city in Atlantic Canada. If multiculturalism, as collective identity and normative framework for national identity building (Kymlicka 2004) involves a negotiation between “us, them and others” (Winter 2011), how does individual identity negotiation and formation for the Canadian born of Lebanese descent take place in this context and does it partake in the collective identity? Our question is then essentially about the multicultural experience of youth, their lived experience of multiculturalism. Through sixteen qualitative, in-depth interviews with Canadian-born youth of Christian Lebanese origin, we collect and analyze data about the definition of identities, their meanings to participants, and the ways in which such identities were formed through lived experiences in families, schools, community and employment. The alienation and “otherness” felt up to high school completion is gradually replaced by a hybrid ethnocultural identity including attributes from local mainstream and parental cultures. Throughout the research, we underscore the significance of “place” in shaping the lived experience and identities of youth. Cet article porte sur le processus de la négociation et de la formation de l’identité chez les jeunes d’origine libanaise nés au Canada et vivant à Halifax, une ville de niveau intermédiaire (‘middle tier’) sur la côte atlantique du Canada. Si le multiculturalisme, en tant qu’identité collective et cadre normatif pour la construction de l’identité nationale (Kymlicka 2004), implique une négociation entre «nous, eux et les autres» (Winter 2011), comment, dans ce contexte, la négociation et la formation de l’identité de l’individu pour les Canadiens de naissance d’origine libanaise, prendelle part à cette identité collective? Notre question se pose donc essentiellement sur l’expérience multiculturelle de la jeunesse et son expérience vécue du multiculturalisme. Seize entrevues qualitatives et menées en profondeur auprès de jeunes chrétiens d’origine libanaise nés au Canada, nous ont permis d’assembler et d’analyser des données sur la définition des identités, de leurs significations pour les participants et sur les façons dont elles se sont formées à travers les expériences vécues dans les familles, les écoles, la communauté et le travail. L’aliénation et l’«altérité» (‘otherness’) ressenties jusqu’à l’achèvement des études secondaires sont progressivement remplacées par une identité hybride ethnoculturelle incluant des attributs de la culture principale locale et de celle des parents. Tout au long de la recherche, nous soulignons l’importance de la «place» dans l’élaboration de l’expérience vécue et de l’identité des jeunes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".