Developmental Arrest and Cytoskeletal Anomalies of Rat Embryos Reconstructed by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many factors influence success rates in animal cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), including cell cycle stage of donor cells and recipient oocytes, the procedure of micromanipulation, and the activation protocol. This study was conducted to determine the effects of cell cycle coordination for cloning rats from fetal fibroblasts (FFs). Moreover, enucleated zygotic and parthenogenetic ooplasts were used for serial cloning with pronuclear and two-cell stage blastomeres derived from SCNT. Metaphase donor cells had a significantly higher cleavage rate than G0/G1-phase FFs with MII oocytes and G2-phase FFs with TII oocytes. However, reconstructed embryos were unable to develop beyond the two-cell stage, neither in vitro nor in vivo. Moreover, the developmental arrest at the two-cell stage was not overcome, even when using serial cloning with zygotic and parthenogenetic recipients. To assess the cytoskeleton after SCNT, reconstructed two-cell stage embryos were harvested at different times after cleavage for immunostaining (anti-alpha-tubulin) and mRNA abundance (beta-actin, alpha-tubulin, alpha-actinin). Reconstructed two-cell embryos showed abnormal microtubule distribution and down-regulated expression of several cytoskeletal transcripts. Therefore, it seems that the developmental arrest of rat SCNT embryos is associated with improper transcription of cytoskeleton genes, presumably resulting in abnormal microtubule distribution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".