Dietary supplementation with creatine monohydrate prevents corticosteroid-induced attenuation of growth in young rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Corticosteroids are used as chemotherapeutic agents in many medical conditions, despite many common and potentially serious side effects. Supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CrM) can increase strength and lean body mass in humans and, therefore, may be a viable countermeasure to the side effects of corticosteroids. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if CrM could prevent the attenuation of growth associated with corticosteroid administration. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to the following groups: control (CON, n = 10), 7 mg methylprednisolone x kg(-1) x week(-1) (PRED, n = 10), 2% CrM in diet (CD, n = 10), or CrM and methylprednisolone (CD-PRED, n = 10). Animals received either a weekly sham injection (saline; CON and CD) or an injection of methylprednisolone (PRED and CD-PRED) for 6 weeks. At the completion of the 6th week, body composition was determined and skeletal muscles were collected. Weight gain was attenuated in PRED as compared with all other groups (P < 0.05). Muscle total creatine and phosphocreatine were greater in the extensor digitorum longus in the CD and CD-PRED groups as compared with the CON and PRED groups (P < 0.05); however, total creatine and phosphocreatine in the soleus were not different. Mean fiber area was greater in type II fibers from the extensor digitorum longus in the CD and CD-PRED groups as compared with the CON and PRED groups (P < 0.05); no treatment effect was seen in the soleus. In conclusion, CrM supplementation prevented the attenuation of growth associated with corticosteroids and also increased type II muscle fiber area. These results could have important clinical implications for several patient populations commonly treated with corticosteroids, and further work is required to determine the specific mechanisms underlying the physiological effects that were observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".