Helical cell motions in a small ice‐covered meander river reach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The investigation of the flow field with a pulse‐coherent acoustic Doppler profiler has led to new high resolution observations of the secondary flow pattern occurring in a natural ice‐covered meander reach. Surveys were conducted during two successive winter periods with different ice conditions. Massive frazil ice accumulation was present during one of the survey and its influence on the flow pattern could be assessed. Results show that the primary flow is clearly deflected towards the outer bend. Secondary flows are one order of magnitude less than the primary flow and they display two stacked counter‐rotating helical cells pattern occurring at the entrance of the bend. This pattern is associated with the parabolic shape of the velocity profiles entering the bend. The pattern rapidly evolves downstream, reducing to one helical cell rotating in an opposite direction than what is observed in open channel flows. Flow mixing and morphological non‐uniformity are potential factors governing the development of the helical cells throughout the bend. Our observations show that a similar coherent flow pattern rapidly forms downstream of a massive frazil ice obstruction in the bend. Frazil ice does not constrain the formation of helical flow pattern in river bends. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".