Efficacy of Hepatitis B Immunization in HIV-Infected Patients on Hemodialysis (HD)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Patients on HD are at a high risk of hepatitis B infection. Therefore hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all HD patients, although compared with adults with normal immune status, the protective antibody response is lower and ranges from 34–88%. We hypothesized that HIV infected patients on HD are likely to have even lower antibody responses to hepatitis B vaccination. We therefore reviewed the immunization history of 16 HIV-infected dialysis patients who received chronic maintenance HD at our dialysis units. The mean age of the patients was 43 ± 11 (mean ± SD). Of the 16 patients the majority were black males (13). The mean CD 4 count of these patients was 261 ± 206 (mean ± SD, range: 18–668 cells/μL). The mean viral load was 96727 ± 184084 (range 50–650846 copies/ml). Six patients had undetectable plasma viral loads. Of the 16 patients, 10 had protective antibodies (HBs Ab ≥ 10 mIU/ml). Of these 10 patients, 3 had positive Hepatitis core antibody suggesting previous viral exposure, another 3 were negative for HBcAb and in the remaining 4 HBcAb was unavailable. Five of the 10 patients with protective antibody received vaccination after starting dialysis. Pearson product moment correlation showed negative correlation of HBsAb with viral load, r = − 0.45, p value = 0.07. No correlation was found between CD4 count and response to vaccination. We conclude that HIV-infected HD patients develop protective antibodies at a rate similar to HIV-negative HD patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".