Bibliographic record
Abstract
Letters2 April 2002Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseVincenza Snow, MDVincenza Snow, MDAmerican College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19106Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Stey rightly underscores the evidence for the role of the mucolytic agent N-acetylcysteine in the outpatient management of stable COPD and in prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD. However, our review focused on the management of acute exacerbations in the emergency department and in the hospital setting. Preventive measures and management of stable COPD were excluded from the review because they did not pertain to our specific research question. Drs. Niederman, Sethi, and Martinez favor the use of newer, broad-spectrum agents in the management of severe acute exacerbations of COPD. They base their recommendation on their view ...References1. Murphy TF, Sethi S, Niederman MS. The role of bacteria in exacerbations of COPD. A constructive view. Chest. 2000;118:204-9. [PMID: 10893380] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Destache CJ, Dewan N, O'Donohue WJ, Campbell JC, Angelillo VA. Clinical and economic considerations in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999;43 Suppl A 107-13. [PMID: 10225580] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Grossman R, Mukherjee J, Vaughan D, Eastwood C, Cook R, LaForge J, et al . A 1-year community-based health economic study of ciprofloxacin vs usual antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: the Canadian Ciprofloxacin Health Economic Study Group. Chest. 1998;113:131-41. [PMID: 9440580] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Hirschmann JV. Do bacteria cause exacerbations of COPD? Chest. 2000;118:193-203. [PMID: 10893379] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Anthonisen NR, Manfreda J, Warren CP, Hershfield ES, Harding GK, Nelson NA. Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:196-204. [PMID: 3492164] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19106 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEvidence Base for Management of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Vincenza Snow , Steven Lascher , Christel Mottur-Pilson , and Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Claudia Stey Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Michael S. Niederman , Sanjay Sethi , and Fernando Martinez Metrics 2 April 2002Volume 136, Issue 7Page: 557-558KeywordsAntibiotic resistanceAntibioticsBacteriaBacterial diseasesHospitalizationsOutpatientsPneumoniaReasoningRetrospective studiesStreptococcus ePublished: 2 April 2002 Issue Published: 2 April 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.040 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".