Effects of growth hormone on leucine absorption, intestinal morphology, and ultrastructure of the goldish intestine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanisms whereby exogenous growth hormone modulates intestinal structure and function in fish were investigated. Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were fed commercial flake diet sprayed with recombinant carp growth hormone (cGH) daily for 1 month. Control animals received food sprayed with the vehicle. After 1 month of daily feedings, body mass and length were determined, and animals were sacrificed to study intestinal characteristics. Sections of foregut were removed after determination of total gut length for measurement of leucine uptake, histology, and epithelial ultrastructure. Oral administration of cGH for 1 month resulted in a 40% increase in body mass and an 8% increase in body length above controls. Gut length was 43% greater and the gut length to body length ratio was 32% greater as a result of the cGH treatment. Feeding with cGH also resulted in a significant increase in leucine uptake and increased gut mucosal thickness. Analysis of transmission electron micrographs revealed significant increases in the microvillous height and density and epithelial surface area. The findings indicate that growth hormone added to feed may increase growth in fish, in part by significantly increasing gut length, mucosal thickness, and epithelial brush border surface area, leading to enhanced epithelial absorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".