Effects of ambient acidity on chemosensory learning: an example of an environmental constraint on acquired predator recognition in wild juvenile Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract – In many prey fish species, learning the identity of novel predators may be facilitated when novel predator cues and an aversive stimulus are presented together. Damage‐released chemical alarm cues are typically released from the skin of prey individuals following mechanical damage and are known to mediate the learned recognition of novel predators. While such chemically mediated acquired predator recognition can provide increased survival benefits to prey, environmental constraints impeding learning may exist. For example, in several fish species the ability to detect chemical alarm cues is impaired in under acidic conditions and as such, inhibits this chemically mediated learning. In this experiment, we studied in two streams of different mean acidity level (pH c . 6.0 and 7.0), to assess if wild juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) had the ability to acquire the recognition of a novel lemon essence odour when paired with conspecific chemical alarm cues. Our results demonstrate that under acidic conditions, no learned recognition of the novel odour occurred. In neutral conditions, however, salmon recognised the novel odour as a predation threat. This result suggests that ambient acidity creates an environmental constraint on chemically mediated learned recognition of a novel cue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".