Pim‐1: A New Biomarker in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim-1) is an oncoprotein overexpressed in lungs from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients and involved in cell proliferation via the activation of the NFAT/STAT3 signaling pathway. We hypothesized that Pim-1 plasma levels would predict the presence of PAH and correlate with disease severity. Pim-1 plasma levels were measured at the time of catheterization in 49 PAH patients, including nonvasoreactive ( n = 19) and vasoreactive idiopathic PAH (n = 5), and PAH related to connective tissue disease (n = 16) and congenital heart disease (n = 9). Fifty controls were also recruited. The capacity of Pim-1 to discriminate PAH from controls and its association with disease severity were assessed. Pim-1 plasma levels were higher in PAH than in controls (9.6 ± 4.0 vs. 7.2 ± 2.4 ng/mL, P < 0.01). Pim-1 appropriately discriminated proliferative PAH from controls (AUC = 0.78 to 0.94 using ROC curves). Among PAH patients, Pim-1 correlated with traditional markers of PAH severity. The 1-year survival was 97% and 47% for PAH patients with baseline Pim-1 levels lower and higher than 11.1 ng/mL, respectively (HR 11.4 (3.3-39.7); P < 0.01). After adjustment for hemodynamic and biochemical variables, Pim-1 levels remained an independent predictor of mortality (P < 0.01). Pim-1 is a promising new biomarker in PAH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".