Non-destructive analysis of concrete for corrosion studies using nuclear technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion is the principal cause of deterioration of concrete structures in the Arabian Gulf and the world over. Preventive measures against corrosion require maintaining the chloride and sulphate concentration in concrete below the threshold limits specified by the standards. This requires monitoring the chloride and sulphate concentration in concrete, and a nondestructive technique is preferable for this purpose. The Prompt-Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) technique can be used to monitor the concentration of corrosive elements in concrete specimens. An accelerator-based PGNAA setup has been developed to measure the chloride and sulphate concentration in concrete. The PGNAA technique has been utilised successfully to measure the elemental composition of concrete. In this regard, several studies were undertaken to determine the calcium, silicon, chloride and sulphate concentration in the concrete specimens. Furthermore, the concentration of compounds, such as lime and silica was also determined. The results of these studies along with a description of the facility are presented in this paper.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".