Phenotypic and molecular characterization of <i>Photobacterium</i> <i>damselae</i> , a pathogen of the cultured tongue sole <i>Cynoglossus semilaevis</i> in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Significant numbers of half‐smooth tongue sole ( Cynoglossus semilaevis ) raised on a marine fish farm in the P.R. China presented erratic swimming, loss of appetite and increased ventilation rate. Internally, diseased fish exhibited redness of liver, stomach and intestines, and white materials may be observed in the intestine. Mortality rates reached levels of up to 10% of the total fish on the farm per day. The dominant bacterial colonies were isolated from the liver, kidney and spleen of affected fish, and high pathogenicity of the isolates to Cynoglossus semilaevis , Paralichthys olivaceus and Synechogobius hasta was confirmed. The phenotypic characteristics of the isolates were studied extensively, including morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The 16S rRNA and gyr B genes of a representative strain (ST1) were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees representing genetic relatedness between the isolate and publicly available 16S rRNA and gyr B gene sequence from the GenBank database was constructed as an aid to identification. The sequenced 16S rRNA gene (GenBank accession No. GU228793) and the gyr B gene of strain ST1 (GenBank accession No. GU228794) exhibited high similarity (98–99%) to those of Photobacterium damselae from the GenBank database. In addition, the activities of extracellular enzymes and haemolysin were also studied, the results showed that the isolates produced beta‐haemolysis on rabbit blood agar, lecithinase, proteinase and DNase but diastase, lipase and gelatinase were not produced. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the isolates exhibited around 80% of susceptibility to 36 various antibiotics tested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".