Hormonal response of pregnant gilts fed a high fiber or a concentrate diet once or twice daily
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of fiber intake and feeding frequency on endocrine status were studied. Gilts were fed 2.2 kg d -1 of a concentrate diet (n = 6; 5.3% crude fiber) or 3.1 kg d -1 of a high-fiber diet (n = 7; 18.2% crude fiber) as of day 23 of gestation. For a 1-mo period, starting on day 60 of gestation, three or four animals within each dietary treatment received one daily ration at 0800 h while the others received two meals at 0800 and 1430 h. Feeding frequency was then reversed for the following 1-mo period. Jugular catheters were inserted on day 23 of each 1-mo period and serial blood samples were obtained from 0730 to 1630 h on day 25, to measure cortisol, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids (FFA). The mean of three samples obtained before the morning or afternoon mealtime was used to establish a preprandial baseline and samples thereafter were used to measure area under the curve (AUC) and maximal values. Fiber intake had no effect on any baseline values (P > 0.1), but decreased overall insulin AUC (P < 0.05) and glucose maximal values (P < 0.05) and increased morning FFA AUC (P < 0.05). Compared to one daily meal, twice daily feeding increased afternoon baseline cortisol (P < 0.05) and decreased morning cortisol AUC and baseline FFA (P < 0.001). It also increased afternoon insulin maximal values and AUC (P < 0.05) as well as morning and afternoon maximal glucose (P < 0.05) and decreased morning maximal FFA (P < 0.05). Insulin was the only variable affected by the fiber intake × number of meals interaction with twice daily feeding lowering morning maximal (P < 0.05) and AUC (P < 0.001) values in concentrate-fed gilts while not altering those values in gilts fed a high-fiber diet. Addition of fiber to the diet of pregnant gilts altered their hormonal response to meals, while once daily feeding created a post-absorptive state in the morning and increased cortisol concentrations postprandially. Key words: Gestation, pigs, fiber intake, feeding frequency, insulin, glucose
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".