Characterization of low-molecular-weight i-type glutenin subunit genes from diploid wheat in relation to the gene family structure
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits are important for aspects of wheat quality and dough processing, and the LMW-i type glutenin is one of the typical glutenins. However, a detailed description of the DNA structure and encoded polypeptides of the LMW-i type glutenin subunit gene family is still lacking. In this study, two LMW-i type glutenin subunit genes, i.e., LMW-Eb from Triticum boeoticum and LMW-Em from T. monococcum, were obtained from genomic DNA, respectively. The LMW-Eb is a novel gene and the LMW-Em has the identical sequence with a known gene. To comprehensively understand the LMW-i type glutenin subunit gene family structure, all known LMW-i type glutenin subunit genes were comparatively analyzed. Detailed comparison of these genes revealed a high-level of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). In these LMW glutenin subunits, the percentage of glutamine and proline were approximately 38.27 and 12.77%, respectively. They started directly from the repetitive domain with ISQQQ- after the signal sequence, which the N-terminal regions were absent. In addition, there are three consensus repeat motifs (i.e. PPFSQQQQ, PPISQQQQ and PPYSQQQQ) in the repetitive domains of these LMW glutenin subunits. The C-terminal I domain is the most conserved region, while the domains of C-terminal II and III are more variable. The eight cysteine residues are highly conserved. These genes could be clustered into two major groups, among which one group could be further divided into five subgroups. Furthermore, to date, all known LMW-i type glutenin subunit genes are located on chromosome 1A, whereas no LMW-i type glutenin subunit gene is obtained from the B and D genomes in wheat.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it