Analysis of frazil ice as a geomorphic agent in a frazil pool
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Frazil ice forms in open water areas of high turbulent intensity and accumulates downstream along flatter river segments. The activation of production zones, in relation to hydro‐climatic parameters, directly affects the infilling of frazil sinks. Past field investigations have described strong relationships between riverbed scour and undercover frazil accumulation but few have documented the dynamics of bed deformation in relation to the accumulation of frazil ice over an entire winter season. Here, we present the chronology of the development of a hanging dam at a pool section over the 2007–2008 ice period. The characteristics of upstream frazil ice production and ice cover growth is documented using a river corridor approach. At a pool section, undercover frazil ice accumulation behaviour, water level variations, hydro‐climatic conditions and riverbed deformations are also documented. Innovative dynamic bed‐rods integrating three‐axis accelerometer pendant loggers were deployed at the bed to obtain a dynamic measurement of erosional and depositional activity over the frazil pool. Data shows a relation between bedform deformation and ice cover formation. Analysis reveals the spatio‐temporal variation of physical attributes of ice cover, undercover frazil accumulation and bedforms. Collected data is used to analyse the relationship between riverbed deformation and overlying ice forms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".