Application of Invasive Weed Optimization to Design a Broadband Patch Antenna With Symmetric Radiation Pattern
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this letter, we present a patch antenna over a high impedance surface (HIS) substrate, using Jerusalem cross-shaped frequency selective surfaces (JC-FSSs). The objective in this design is to obtain the enhancement in bandwidth (BW) while achieving the symmetric radiation pattern over the frequency band of interest. In order to derive optimal dimensions of the patch antenna and JC-FSS parameters, a hybrid optimization algorithm that originates from invasive weed optimization (IWO) empowered with the analytical lumped circuit model has been employed. In general, we utilized the IWO features while proposing additional contributions in terms of efficient design and computational efficiency. The optimization benefits from the use of circuit model as a powerful tool to find specific limits for its variables. Therefore, it provides a reasonable starting point for the optimization procedure. For the most efficient design, the antenna and FSS ground plane are optimized simultaneously. In this case, the optimization time can be noticeably reduced. The simulations compared very well with measured results. This antenna shows relative bandwidth 10.44% with the radiation efficiency of better than 85% over the entire bandwidth.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it