Infant gut microbiota and the development of wheeze in early childhood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Commensal gut microbes play an important role in human development and lifelong health. There is increasing evidence that disruption of the infant gut microbiota may be linked to the development of childhood allergy and asthma-related outcomes, including wheezing. Our objective was to investigate the association of infant gut microbiota diversity and composition with development of wheeze in early childhood. The study population included 160 infants enrolled at the Winnipeg site of the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study (CHILD) population-based birth cohort. Standardized questionnaires were completed by mothers at 3, 6 and 12 months after birth, and reported on breastfeeding and occurrence of infant wheezing. Wheezing (defined as a whistling sound in the chest lasting more than 15 minutes and occurring with or without a cold) was classified according to the number of episodes in the first year of life: 0, 1, 2 or ≥3. Mode of delivery and use of antibiotics were documented from hospital and medical records. Fecal samples were collected at one year of age and microbiota composition (relative abundance of select taxa) was characterized by high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Biodiversity was evaluated using the Chao1 richness estimator and the Shannon & Simpson diversity indices. In the first year of life, any wheezing as defined above was reported for 36/160 infants (22.5%). Sixteen infants (10.0%) wheezed on more than one occasion, and 12 infants (7.5%) experienced 3 or more wheezing episodes. Selected taxa were chosen for composition analysis, based on their established associations with other allergic disease outcomes. The genus Clostridium was under-represented among infants with two or more wheezing episodes (p=0.04). Preliminary comprehensive analyses revealed that operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the Families Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae were over-represented among wheezing infants (all p<0.01). Gut microbiota diversity and richness were not significantly associated with wheeze; these findings were unchanged following adjustment for gender, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and antibiotic exposure. In this preliminary analysis, we identified several crude differences in microbiota composition among wheezing infants, although a significant association with overall biodiversity was not observed. The long-term clinical relevance of these changes will be the focus of ongoing studies within the CHILD cohort. Detailed and extended assessment of wheeze (including its severity and association with infection and allergic disease), gut microbiota, and relevant environmental exposures will be conducted at different ages throughout childhood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".