Sedentary Lifestyle and Antecedents of Cardiovascular Disease in Young Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether sedentary young individuals are characterized by reductions in determinants of vascular health and insulin sensitivity relative to their physically active, age-matched peers. METHODS: A total of 135 otherwise healthy young men (n = 68) and women (n = 67) <40 years of age (28 +/- 5 years) were studied in this investigation and stratified into three groups based on physical activity status: 1) sedentary (n = 73); 2) physically active (n = 24); and 3) endurance-trained (n = 38). Arterial compliance and flow-mediated dilation were determined by diastolic pulse contour wave analysis and echocardiographic imaging of the brachial artery respectively. Insulin sensitivity was estimated from the homeostasis model for insulin resistance and the 13C-glucose breath test. RESULTS: Both conduit (16.4 +/- 0.5 v 19.5 +/- 0.7 mL/mmHg x 10; P < .01) and resistant (8.5 +/- 0.3 v 10.7 +/- 0.5 mL/mmHg x 100; P < .01) artery compliance were significantly lower in sedentary subjects than in physically active or endurance-trained subjects, whereas flow-mediated dilation was not different between the groups. The HOMA(IR) was 2.5-fold higher in the sedentary group than in the endurance-trained group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary individuals are characterized by reductions in both arterial compliance and insulin sensitivity relative to their endurance-trained peers, independent of changes in conventional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These findings lend further support for the need for regular physical activity in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals of all ages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".