Solvatochromic parameters for solvents of interest in green chemistry
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: Bench or experimentalConsensus signal: Bench or experimental
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.003
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.659
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.203 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Solvatochromic data have been collected from the literature or newly measured for 83 molecular solvents, 18 switchable solvents, and 187 ionic liquids that have been cited in the green chemistry literature. The data include the normalized Reichardt's parameter (ENT), the Nile red λmax, and the Kamlet–Taft parameters (α, β, and π*). Disagreements within the literature about the properties of glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) have been resolved with new data. The switching of a switchable-polarity solvent (also known as a reversible ionic liquid) by CO2 causes a significant increase in polarity/polarizability (π*) but no change in the basicity (β). A switchable-hydrophilicity solvent undergoes an even greater change in polarity because it merges with an aqueous phase upon exposure to CO2. Trends observed from the data of ionic liquids are presented, along with concerns about the best method for determining the Kamlet–Taft parameters.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Green Chemistry
- Topic
- Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Field
- Chemical Engineering
- Canadian institutions
- Queen's University
- Funders
- University of California, DavisUniversity of WaterlooKillam TrustsNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaCanada Research Chairs
- Keywords
- SolvatochromismPolarizabilityIonic liquidPolarity (international relations)ChemistrySolvent polaritySolventEthylene glycolNile redIonic bondingAqueous solutionSolvent effectsOrganic chemistryComputational chemistryPhysical chemistryChemical physicsMoleculeCatalysisIonOptics
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes