Estimation of Representative Capital and Maintenance Costs for Canadian Roads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Procedures are described for estimating annualized life-cycle costs of road infrastructure for road classes and geographical regions of Canada. Estimated costs are total annualized costs required for constructing and maintaining road infrastructure. Total costs include initial construction costs for pavements, bridges, and other road infrastructure components; subsequent maintenance rehabilitation costs; and costs of routine and winter maintenance. The work is part of the Full Cost Investigation Project currently under way by Transport Canada. This project assesses total transportation costs for transportation modes in Canada. Total annualized road costs were estimated for 1-km-long, one-lane road segments selected to represent the entire Canadian provincial and municipal road network. Estimates were completed for 196 representative road segments covering 14 road functional classes in 14 geographical regions. Cost estimates were expressed as equivalent uniform annual costs and were carried out with an Excel-based computational model, which uses quantities and unit costs of dozens of road infrastructure components. Quantities and unit costs were established through surveys of Canadian federal, provincial, territorial, and municipal agencies; documentation review; and engineering judgment. Annualized costs for building and maintaining road infrastructure estimated by the model were compared with actual annual capital and maintenance expenditures reported by Canadian transportation agencies. Results indicate a basic correspondence between annualized costs estimated by the model and annual expenditures reported by transportation agencies, particularly for annual operating costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".