Reduction of a field generated waste microemulsion by electrolytic addition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present research examined the treatment process of adding NaCl to a single phase microemulsion (SPME) effluent from an in situ flushing test conducted at a contaminated field site. The waste effluent contained surfactant, cosurfactant, and contaminant, which had been removed from soil. Addition of NaCl separated the SPME into two immiscible phases, a lower aqueous phase and an upper organic phase. Consequently, a smaller volume of waste saturated with a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) requiring further treatment or disposal was produced. Overall, addition of ~16% by weight of NaCl reduced the NAPL saturated volume by ~95% for both the composite volume and first pore volume samples. Nearly the entire NAPL mass (~99%) partitioned into the organic phase after addition of NaCl and the NAPL saturated volume decreased with increased NaCl addition. Increased NaCl also decreased the chemical oxygen demand (COD) load of the aqueous-rich phase by one-tenth. The reduction in NAPL saturated volume by salt addition would decrease cost of further treatment by ~95%.Key words: microemulsion, waste management, salt, treatment, site remediation, NAPL.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".