Comparative evaluation of vessel elements in S <i>alix</i> spp. (Salicaceae) endemic to the Athabasca sand dunes of northern Saskatchewan, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vessel element (VE) characters, including density, lumen diameter, length, and clustering, were evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy in four endemic Salix taxa from the Lake Athabasca sand dunes in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. These data were compared with the widespread putative sister species for each endemic. Endemic taxa exhibited similar VE densities as compared to their associated sister species. Salix brachycarpa var. brachycarpa and its derived endemic, var. psammophila, had the highest VE density values of all endemic-progenitor pairs in this study. Values for VE lumen diameter and VE length were significantly different in some of the species pairs. Lumen diameter of the endemic S. planifolia ssp. tyrrelli was significantly less than that of its widespread sister species, ssp. planifolia. Salix turnorii had significantly greater values for both VE lumen diameter and length than its progenitor, S. lutea. Vessel element clustering did not differ significantly between endemic and progenitor taxa with the exception of S. silicicola and its arctic progenitor, S. alaxensis. Structural differences for these endemic willows appear related to their open sand habitat, and taxonomic implications for endemic-progenitor pairs are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".