Promising Spectroscopic Techniques for the Portable Detection of Condensed‐Phase Contaminants on Surfaces
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Techniques for the detection of hazardous low‐volatility contaminants on surfaces are reviewed. These techniques include both point detection (i.e., in situ) and standoff detection (i.e., detection beyond the effective range of the hazard). For low‐volatility agents, a standoff distance may range from a few centimeters to hundreds of meters, depending upon physical and deposition characteristics. This survey has been restricted to optical techniques that can detect contaminants on “realistic” surfaces (including civilian and military painted surfaces) and are hand‐held or man‐portable or those techniques that are anticipated to be made hand‐held or man‐portable within 5 years to one decade. A range of spectroscopic techniques are treated along with their requirements for power and consumables. Detection limits for these techniques are presented in the context of in‐service technologies and in the context of civilian and military toxicity/exposure limits for various chemical warfare agents. The effects of aerosols on various spectroscopic techniques are reviewed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it