Bibliographic record
Abstract
The time-dependent creep behavior of pultruded composite sheet piling was investigated. Two panels were tested under equally spaced third point bending at a span to depth ratio of 48; one was subject to a constant load of 50% of Pmax and the other 25% of Pmax. Tensile creep, shear creep, and deflection creep were recorded over 1 year. The time-dependent tensile and shear moduli were obtained using the simplified Findley’s model, and the deflection creeps were predicted based on both Findley’s model and Timoshenko’s equation. It was found that the time exponents in Findley’s model for tensile, shear and deflection creep were of close value and could therefore be averaged to provide a viscoelastic material constant for the composite sheet piling. With the averaged viscoelastic parameters, Timoshenko’s equation resembled the Findley’s power law model for the prediction of deflection creep and agreed well with experimental results up to 1 year. Over 30 years, it is estimated that the viscoelastic tensile and shear moduli will be reduced to 68 and 36% of their respective initial values and the creep deflection will reach 50% of its static deflection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".