Propagation Rate Coefficient for Radical Polymerization of<i>N</i>-Vinyl Pyrrolidone in Aqueous Solution Obtained by PLP−SEC
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Propagation rate coefficients, k p, of N -vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) radical polymerization in aqueous solution have been measured via the pulsed-laser polymerization - size exclusion chromatography method (PLP−SEC) over an extended concentration range from 1.8 to 100 wt % NVP at temperatures between 2 and 60 °C. The SEC analyses have been carried out by a modified procedure using dimethyl acetamide as the eluent. An about 20-fold increase of k p is observed in passing from NVP bulk polymerization to reaction in dilute aqueous solution. As with nonionized methacrylic acid (MAA), for which a similarly strong change in k p has recently been reported, the large solvent effect in NVP polymerization is assigned to intermolecular interactions resulting in a significant hindrance of internal rotational motion in the transition state structure for propagation. Some contribution from a minor change in activation energy may however not be ruled out. PLP−SEC studies carried out on aqueous NVP solutions to which either polyNVP or N -ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP), the saturated analogue of NVP, have been added, demonstrate that k p depends on the molecular environment at the reactive site, which is affected by NVP (or NEP) content, but not by the polyNVP content. The lowering of monomer concentration during NVP polymerization to higher degrees of monomer conversion results in an increase of k p . Variation of p H in the range 3 to 10 does not affect k p .
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it