Antioxidant Polyphenols in Almond and Its Coproducts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Antioxidant efficacy of defatted almond whole seed, brown skin, and green shell cover extracts was evaluated by monitoring inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, inhibition of DNA scission, and metal ion chelation activities. The total phenolic contents of ethanolic extracts of brown skin and green shell cover of almond were 10 and 9 times higher than that of the whole seed, respectively. Brown skin extract at 50 ppm effectively inhibited copper-induced oxidation of human LDL cholesterol compared to whole seed and green shell cover extracts, which reached the same level of efficacy at 200 ppm. Green shell cover extract at 50 ppm level completely arrested peroxyl radical-induced DNA scission, whereas 100 ppm of brown skin and whole seed extracts was required for similar efficiencies. All three almond extracts exhibited excellent metal ion chelation efficacies. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of quercetin, isorhamnetin, quercitrin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, and morin as the major flavonoids in all extracts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".