A Mesoscale Premixed LPG Burner with Surface Combustion in Porous Ceramic Foam
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the present study, an attempt is made to develop an eco-friendly and compact premixed liquified petroleum gas burner based on surface combustion in a porous inert medium. The premixing mechanism is the combination of a swirler and steel wire mesh packing. The preheating and reaction zones are made up of alumina (Al2O3) foams of pore sizes, 26 and 8 ppcm, respectively. Experiments are conducted with 0.5 liters per minute of liquified petroleum gas fuel, which is found to be the minimum quantity required to produce a sustainable flame when mixed with 4 liters per minute of air, the mixture being highly fuel-rich. The combustion is facilitated by enough secondary (atmospheric) air to ensure complete combustion. The temperature distribution within the combustor; flame stability; maximum flame temperature; NO, CO, and SO2 emissions; and combustion efficiency are measured and compared with those of a conventional domestic liquified petroleum gas stove. The fuel saving potential of the proposed burner is also evaluated. It is found that the proposed burner could yield an 80% savings in fuel consumption and 75% reduction in NOx emissions compared to the conventional one. The CO and SO2 emissions are also well within the global standards.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it