Genetic Variation in Gs.ALPHA. Protein as a New Indicator in Screening Test for Vasovagal Syncope
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A quantitative history using Calgary syncope syndrome score (CSSS) is able to define the likely cause of syncope, but there is still a lack of diagnostic screening tests for vasovagal syncope (VVS). The aim of the present study was to develop a screening test for VVS on the basis of CSSS and the relationship between polymorphic variants of the G-system signaling protein genes and tilting results. METHODS AND RESULTS: From 730 syncopal patients, 307 consecutive subjects without structural and electrical abnormalities were genotyped and examined on blood pressure (BP) and tilt testing. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in genes encoding Gsα-protein GNAS1 (rs7121), G-protein β 3 subunit (rs5443) and the cardiac regulator of G-protein signaling RGS2 (rs4606). The control group consisted of 100 healthy volunteers with a negative history of syncope. From multivariate regression analysis, being a carrier of 393T GNAS1 (odds ratio [OR], 2.29) and systolic BP (OR, 0.98) remained as independent factors associated with positive tilt results. The resultant screening test for VVS consisted of the following: carrier of 393T GNAS1; systolic BP < 131 mm Hg (from the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve); and CSSS ≥-2. Using ROC curve analysis for systolic BP and CSSS, 2 final models for the screening test were constructed: highest sensitivity (89%) and highest specificity (99%). CONCLUSIONS: The novel screening test including the variation of Gsα protein gene seems to be helpful to identify tilt-induced vasovagal patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".