Occurrence of <i>Tomato chlorosis virus</i> on tomato in Réunion Island
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pronounced yellowing symptoms on the lower and middle leaves of tomato plants, similar to those caused by magnesium deficiencies, were observed in 2004 and 2005 in farmers’ greenhouses in Réunion Island, situated east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. Yellow-leaf symptoms included irregular chlorotic mottling, and the interveinal areas of leaves developed red or brown necrotic flecks. Fruit size was reduced on plants with symptoms and yields were indirectly affected. The flame-like pattern of the discoloured leaves, and the abundance of whiteflies on affected plants, suggested the possible involvement of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) or Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) (Closteroviridae, Crinivirus) (Wisler et al., 1998). Twenty leaf samples with symptoms were collected from tomato plants in March 2005, and total RNA was extracted from these samples using the Qiagen RNeasy Plant Mini kit. For the detection of a potential crinivirus, a nested PCR was performed (Dovas et al., 2002). The method consisted of a one-step RT–PCR using primers HS-11 and HS-12, followed by nested PCR with primers TIC-3/TIC-4 and ToC-5/ToC-6, for detecting TICV or ToCV, respectively. These primers were designed to amplify the highly conserved region of the heat-shock protein 70 gene. A PCR product of the expected size was observed with ToCV primers for 14 of the 20 leaf samples. No PCR product was observed for the PCR performed with TICV primers. Three PCR products were cloned using pGEM-T easy vector system II (Promega), and sequenced (Genome Express) (EMBL accession nos AJ968394, AJ968395 and AJ968396). Sequences obtained from the three samples had 99·5% nucleotide identity when aligned (dnaman, Lynnon BioSoft, Quebec, Canada). The most significant sequence alignments (NCBI, blastn) were 98% with ToCV isolates from the USA (GenBank accession no. AF024630), Spain (GenBank accession nos AF233435, AF215818 and AF215817) and Italy (GenBank accession nos AF234029 and AY048854). This is the first report of the presence of ToCV in Réunion Island. This study was funded by the Conseil Régional de La Réunion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".