Six viruses identified in potato plants grown in Alabama, U.S.A.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A survey was conducted for virus-infected potato plants in commercial production fields in Baldwin, Cullman, DeKalb, and Jackson counties in Alabama. Infected plants were assessed visually, i.e., on the basis of occurrence of virus-like symptoms, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In 1997, potato plants were tested for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Tobacco etch virus (TEV). PVY was detected from foliar samples collected from Baldwin, Cullman, and Jackson counties. Neither CMV nor TEV were detected in any of the samples. In 1998, potato plants were once again tested for the presence of CMV, PVY, and TEV, with additional analyses for Potato viruse A (PVA), Potato M (PVM), Potato S (PVS), Potato X (PVX), and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Four viruses were detected from potato leaf samples collected from Baldwin County: PVS, PVX, PVY, and PLRV. Samples collected from DeKalb and Jackson counties were shown to be infected with CMV, PVA, PVS, PVX, and PVY. Identification of virus infection based on visual assessment was relatively inconsistent with the exception of PLRV-infected potato plants, which had upward curled leaves. The expression of infection by PVA, PVS, PVX, and PVY varied; some infected potato plants were symptomless while others had reddening of leaves that sometimes included a mild mosaic. This is the first report to identify viruses in commercially-grown potato plants in Alabama.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".