Prevalent nosocomial clusters among causative agents for candidemia in Hamilton, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Canada, the incidence of candidemia, the bloodstream infection caused by Candida species, varied from 1.2-5.1 cases/100,000, representing the third most common type of bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients. However, the relative contributions of nosocomial transmission in candidemia remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of nosocomial clusters among the causative agents for candidemia in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, during a period from January 2005 to February 2009. We genotyped 134 isolates from 125 unrelated patients with candidemia, among which were 87 C. albicans, 20 C. parapsilosis, 11 C. glabrata, 15 C. tropicalis, and one C. krusei. Our PCR fingerprinting analyses using three highly polymorphic primers identified a total of 99 genotypes, with 18 of them shared by 44 independent isolates. Nine pairs of isolates were obtained from the same patients at the same time and each pair had identical fingerprints. Interestingly, all 44 independent strains belonging to each of the shared genotypes were isolated from patients within 3-months stay in the Hamilton hospitals. Both inter- and intra-ward clusters were found, including one that contained strains from intensive care units in two hospitals. Our results indicated that 33% of the patients with candidemia were infected by nosocomial clusters and suggested that measures should be taken in hospitals to prevent nosocomial acquisition of Candida infections.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".